了解保險合同
，讓你不再煩惱

從法律角度來看
，保險是一種商業行為
，合同就是其表現形式。所謂合同
，也稱契約
，是指平等主體當事人之間達成協議
，設立
、變更和終止權利和義務，以達到某種目的。相關方是指在訂立合同時確定權利和義務的人。

保(bao)險(xian)合(he)同(tong)是(shi)指(zhi)雙(shuang)方(fang)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)協(xie)議(yi)，以(yi)實(shi)現(xian)雙(shuang)方(fang)的(de)權(quan)利(li)和(he)義(yi)務(wu)

，以(yi)實(shi)現(xian)保(bao)險(xian)經(jing)濟(ji)保(bao)障(zhang)，並(bing)建(jian)立(li)協(xie)議(yi)，以(yi)改(gai)變(bian)和(he)終(zhong)止(zhi)這(zhe)種(zhong)權(quan)利(li)和(he)義(yi)務(wu)關(guan)係(xi)的(de)協(xie)議(yi)。保(bao)險(xian)合(he)同(tong)雙(shuang)方(fang)的(de)權(quan)利(li)和(he)義(yi)務(wu)是(shi)：yifanggenjuxieyishouquduifangdebaoxianfei，bingduiyuyuedingdeshigufashengzaochengsunshihuoyuedingdeqixianjiemanshi
，chengdanpeichanghuogeifubaoxianjindeyiwu。zaibaoxianguanxizhong，toubaorenhebaoxianrenshizhijieqiandingbaoxianhetongderen，shibaoxianhetongdeshuangfangdangshiren。

保險合同作為一項特殊的民商事合同


，除合同的一般特征外，保險合同還具有以下獨有的特征。

 （1）保險合同是有償合同

youchanghetongzhideshiyouyumouxiequanlibixuzhifuyidingdaijiadehetong。suoweideduijia，jishougouhetongzhongrenheyifangdequanli，yingdangzhifugeilingyifangrenkedexiangyingduijia。baoxianhetongdepeichangzhuyaotixianzaibaoxianshenqingrenhuodebaoxianjinbaozhang，bixuzhifuxiangyingdejiage
，jibaoxianfei；如果保險公司收取保險費，則必須承擔保險責任保障。

保(bao)險(xian)合(he)同(tong)的(de)有(you)償(chang)性(xing)不(bu)同(tong)於(yu)一(yi)般(ban)合(he)同(tong)的(de)有(you)償(chang)性(xing)。在(zai)一(yi)般(ban)有(you)償(chang)合(he)同(tong)中(zhong)，實(shi)行(xing)等(deng)價(jia)有(you)償(chang)原(yuan)則(ze)，即(ji)支(zhi)付(fu)和(he)反(fan)給(gei)付(fu)相(xiang)互(hu)一(yi)致(zhi)，保(bao)險(xian)合(he)同(tong)的(de)賠(pei)償(chang)隻(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu)雙(shuang)方(fang)的(de)權(quan)利(li)和(he)義(yi)務(wu)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)對(dui)應(ying)關(guan)係(xi)，並(bing)不(bu)強(qiang)迫(po)雙(shuang)方(fang)的(de)支(zhi)付(fu)負(fu)擔(dan)是(shi)平(ping)衡(heng)的(de)。除(chu)了(le)長(chang)期(qi)人(ren)壽(shou)保(bao)險(xian)外(wai)

，保(bao)險(xian)合(he)同(tong)中(zhong)的(de)被(bei)保(bao)險(xian)人(ren)也(ye)不(bu)能(neng)要(yao)求(qiu)保(bao)險(xian)人(ren)支(zhi)付(fu)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)保(bao)險(xian)費(fei)，因(yin)為(wei)他(ta)已(yi)經(jing)支(zhi)付(fu)了(le)保(bao)險(xian)費(fei)。相(xiang)反(fan)，保(bao)險(xian)公(gong)司(si)隻(zhi)會(hui)在(zai)保(bao)險(xian)合(he)同(tong)中(zhong)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)保(bao)險(xian)事(shi)故(gu)發(fa)生(sheng)時(shi)支(zhi)付(fu)賠(pei)償(chang)或(huo)給(gei)付(fu)保(bao)險(xian)金(jin)責(ze)任(ren)。

（2）保險合同是最大誠信合同

renhehetongdedinglihelvxingjunyingzunshouchengshixinyongdeyuanze。youyuxinxibuduichengxing
，baoxianhetongduichengxindeyaoqiuyuanyuangaoyuqitahetong

，yincibeichengweizuidaxinyonghetong。yifangmian
，baoxianbiaodezaitoubaoqianzhiqianhuozhihouyoubeibaoxianrenkongzhi，baoxianrenzhigenjubeibaoxianrenhuoxianchangtongzhideqingkuangjuedingshifoubaoxianhebeibaoxianrendetiaojian。yinci，baoxianhetongdejielunhelvxingzaihendachengdushangqujueyubeibaoxianrendechengshixinyong。lingyifangmian，baoxianhetongtongchangyoubaoxiangongsidanfangmianzhiding。toubaorenkenengduibaoxianhetongdezhuanyeshuyujixiangguanneirongbuqingchu、不bu熟shu悉xi，在zai進jin行xing展zhan覽lan業ye的de促cu銷xiao和he承cheng保bao時shi，保bao險xian公gong司si及ji其qi代dai理li人ren沒mei有you投tou保bao。該gai人ren解jie釋shi說shuo

，保bao險xian合he同tong的de條tiao款kuan內nei容rong必bi然ran會hui損sun害hai被bei保bao險xian人ren和he被bei保bao險xian人ren的de利li益yi。因yin此ci
，從cong保bao險xian公gong司si的de角jiao度du
，從cong投tou保bao人ren和he被bei保bao險xian人ren的de角jiao度du，雙shuang方fang都dou必bi須xu具ju有you最zui大da的de誠cheng信xin
，以yi確que保bao對dui方fang的de合he法fa權quan益yi。因yin此ci
，保bao險xian合he同tong具ju有you最zui大da誠cheng信xin的de特te征zheng。

（3）保險合同是雙務合同

雙務合同是指合同各方當事人相互享有權利
、承(cheng)擔(dan)義(yi)務(wu)的(de)合(he)同(tong)。在(zai)雙(shuang)務(wu)合(he)同(tong)中(zhong)，當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)的(de)義(yi)務(wu)及(ji)其(qi)享(xiang)有(you)的(de)權(quan)利(li)是(shi)相(xiang)互(hu)關(guan)聯(lian)和(he)相(xiang)互(hu)因(yin)果(guo)關(guan)係(xi)的(de)。在(zai)等(deng)價(jia)交(jiao)換(huan)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)關(guan)係(xi)中(zhong)，絕(jue)大(da)多(duo)數(shu)合(he)同(tong)都(dou)是(shi)雙(shuang)務(wu)合(he)同(tong)。其(qi)中(zhong)，保(bao)險(xian)合(he)同(tong)是(shi)典(dian)型(xing)的(de)雙(shuang)務(wu)服(fu)務(wu)合(he)同(tong)，而(er)且(qie)是(shi)附(fu)有(you)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)雙(shuang)務(wu)合(he)同(tong)。在(zai)保(bao)險(xian)合(he)同(tong)中(zhong)，被(bei)保(bao)險(xian)人(ren)必(bi)須(xu)獲(huo)得(de)保(bao)險(xian)代(dai)理(li)人(ren)為(wei)保(bao)險(xian)主(zhu)體(ti)支(zhi)付(fu)保(bao)障(zhang)的(de)權(quan)利(li)，並(bing)且(qie)必(bi)須(xu)向(xiang)保(bao)險(xian)公(gong)司(si)支(zhi)付(fu)保(bao)險(xian)費(fei)；baoxianfeishouquhou
，baoxianrenbixuchengdanbaoxianbiaodepeifuyiwu。quanliheyiwuxianghuguanlian。danshi，baoxianhetongdeshuangwuxingyuyibandeshuangwufuwuhetongbingbuwanquanxiangtong，jibaoxiangongsidepeifuyiwuzhiyouzaishangdingdeshigufashengshicainenglvxing，yincishiyoutiaojiandeshuangwufuwuhetong。 

（4）保險合同是射幸合同

射(she)幸(xing)合(he)同(tong)意(yi)味(wei)著(zhe)合(he)同(tong)當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)至(zhi)少(shao)一(yi)方(fang)並(bing)不(bu)必(bi)然(ran)履(lv)行(xing)金(jin)錢(qian)給(gei)付(fu)義(yi)務(wu)。隻(zhi)有(you)在(zai)合(he)同(tong)中(zhong)約(yue)定(ding)的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)得(de)到(dao)滿(man)足(zu)或(huo)合(he)同(tong)中(zhong)約(yue)定(ding)的(de)事(shi)件(jian)發(fa)生(sheng)時(shi)才(cai)能(neng)執(zhi)行(xing)；合he同tong約yue定ding的de事shi件jian是shi可ke能neng發fa生sheng或huo可ke能neng不bu發fa生sheng的de不bu確que定ding事shi件jian。保bao險xian合he同tong是shi典dian型xing的de射she幸xing合he同tong。確que定ding被bei保bao險xian人ren根gen據ju保bao險xian合he同tong支zhi付fu保bao險xian費fei的de義yi務wu，保bao險xian人ren僅jin在zai保bao險xian事shi故gu發fa生sheng時shi承cheng擔dan賠pei償chang或huo者zhe支zhi付fu義yi務wu，即ji保bao險xian合he同tong中zhong是shi否fou履lv行xing了le保bao險xian人ren的de義yi務wu。建jian立li時shi尚shang的de不bu確que定ding性xing，但dan取qu決jue於yu意yi外wai的de、不確定的自然災害、shigu，jishibaoxianshigushifoufashengerding。danshi
，yinggaizhichudeshi
，baoxianhetongdebaoxiantongchangshizhenduidanyibaoxianhetong。duiyumouzhongleixingdebaoxianhetongzhengtieryan
，baoxiangongsishouqudebaoxianfeiheshijibaoxianfeipeifuyinggaijibenpingheng。

（5）保險合同是附和合同

附(fu)和(he)合(he)同(tong)，又(you)叫(jiao)依(yi)附(fu)合(he)同(tong)，這(zhe)意(yi)味(wei)著(zhe)內(nei)容(rong)不(bu)是(shi)由(you)雙(shuang)方(fang)當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)共(gong)同(tong)協(xie)商(shang)擬(ni)定(ding)，而(er)是(shi)由(you)一(yi)方(fang)提(ti)前(qian)準(zhun)備(bei)，而(er)另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)隻(zhi)準(zhun)備(bei)征(zheng)得(de)同(tong)意(yi)。另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)隻(zhi)是(shi)做(zuo)出(chu)是(shi)否(fou)同(tong)意(yi)的(de)意(yi)思(si)表(biao)示(shi)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)合(he)同(tong)，即(ji)另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)隻(zhi)能(neng)做(zuo)取(qu)與(yu)舍(she)的(de)決(jue)定(ding)，無(wu)權(quan)擬(ni)定(ding)合(he)同(tong)的(de)條(tiao)文(wen)。保(bao)險(xian)合(he)同(tong)是(shi)附(fu)和(he)合(he)同(tong)，可(ke)以(yi)以(yi)保(bao)險(xian)協(xie)議(yi)、baoxiandanhuobaoxianpingzhengdexingshidingli。yibaoxiandanhebaoxianpingzhengdexingshi，baoxiangongsitiqianzhunbeilebaoxiantiaokuan，shuangfangdequanliheyiwuyizaibaoxiantiaokuanzhongguiding，baoxianhetongzhubuxianshiweijishuhua、定(ding)型(xing)化(hua)和(he)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)趨(qu)勢(shi)，保(bao)單(dan)持(chi)有(you)人(ren)一(yi)般(ban)隻(zhi)是(shi)是(shi)否(fou)同(tong)意(yi)的(de)含(han)義(yi)，而(er)這(zhe)些(xie)條(tiao)款(kuan)不(bu)能(neng)修(xiu)改(gai)。被(bei)保(bao)險(xian)人(ren)還(hai)可(ke)以(yi)與(yu)保(bao)險(xian)公(gong)司(si)協(xie)商(shang)，增(zeng)加(jia)特(te)殊(shu)協(xie)議(yi)條(tiao)款(kuan)，或(huo)限(xian)製(zhi)或(huo)延(yan)長(chang)保(bao)險(xian)責(ze)任(ren)，但(dan)一(yi)般(ban)不(bu)能(neng)改(gai)變(bian)保(bao)險(xian)條(tiao)款(kuan)的(de)基(ji)本(ben)結(jie)構(gou)和(he)內(nei)容(rong)。

yishangjiushiguanyubaoxianhetongdejutixingshile，dajiakeyijutidelejieyixia，lejiebaoxianhetongshiwomenweihuzijiquanyidezhongyaobaozhang

，suoyizaigoumaibaoxiandeshihouxuyaoduojialiuyi。